Structural characteristics of self-excavated burrows by boring polydorid species (Polychaeta, Spionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Burrow structure of three common boring spionids, Polydora pygidialis, Dipolydora giardi, and Dipolydora bidentata, inhabiting Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, Canada, was examined using SEM. The surface of burrows excavated in nine mollusc shells consisting of four types of microstructure (foliated, nacreous, prismatic, and crossed lamellar) was studied to obtain information about the boring mechanism of these species. Small characteristic concentric-edged holes were observed on the surface of the burrows of each species; however, the existence of concentric-edged holes depended on the difference of the shell microstructure. Worm-eaten crystals, bottom parallel scratches, and lateral scratched structures were also observed on the surface of the burrows. We speculated that the polydorid worms (1) secrete some chemical substance which directly acts and dissolves the crystals and a part of organic matrix first and makes them weaker and (2) scratch and loosen them mechanically both in moving back and forth along the burrow and by a rotary motion within the burrow. We further speculated that some chemical substance secreted by worms and organs involved in the boring activity may be the same among the polydorid species, that the boring mechanism among polydorid species may be the same, and that the existence of concentric-edged holes or worm-eaten structure provides evidence of polydorid infestation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.079 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".