Relative contributions of bleeding scores and iron status on health‐related quality of life in von Willebrand disease: a cross‐sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder known in humans. Currently, studies investigating the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in VWD using standardized tools are limited, particularly among patients with mild decreases in von Willebrand factor or activity. AIM: To determine HR-QoL and its predictors among patients with mild, moderate and severe forms of VWD. METHODS: Patients with clinical diagnosis of VWD were recruited from a tertiary Inherited Bleeding Disorder Clinic. Upon informed consent, bleeding scores were obtained via a standardized, self-administered tool. Each participant also completed a HR-QoL questionnaire (SF-36). Analyses included paired t-test, independent t-test, one-way anova and multivariate regression. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were recruited (consent rate = 95%). Participants were 38 years on average (SD 14.8), 78% were female and 80% were diagnosed with VWD Type 1. Compared to age- and sex-matched normative data, VWD patients had clinically and statistically significant reductions in seven of eight HR-QoL domains and the physical and mental component summaries. Adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status and rurality, there was a trend towards lower physical component summary with increasing bleeding score, and lower mental domains with iron deficiency status (P = 0.07 and P = 0.08 respectively). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to examine the impact of VWD on HR-QoL across disease severity while incorporating socioeconomic status and rurality. Significant reductions in HR-QoL among VWD patients, especially the relationship between iron status and mental HR-QoL, strengthen the rationale for prospective studies to evaluate the efficacy of iron replacement in this setting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".