Human Health Risk Assessment: Arsenic Exposure Risks in Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arsenic-caused cancers in Bangladesh, arising from both water and food sources of arsenic (As) are characterized. The results indicate countrywide incremental As cancer cases as 1.27 million, a number which will increase by 1.2% per year unless a sustainable removal technology for As from groundwater is implemented. The site-specific magnitude of the incremental cancer, driven by local groundwater conditions is demonstrated where, for example, in Chandpur, 4% of the districts’ population will develop cancer due to As intake. On average, 46% of the As body burden for Bangladeshis comes directly from water and 54% from food, although the range of percentages varies significantly from one district to the next, from a low of 0% water-based intake (indicating entire body burden from food sources) in the district of Dhaka, to a high of 91% in Chandpur. It is noteworthy that residents of Dhaka, since they are only exposed to food-related As, will see an estimated 42,000 incremental cancer cases. Treating drinking water to the Bangladeshi standard of 50µg/L would decrease incremental cancer cases in Bangladesh by 353,000; further reduction to the WHO standard of 10µg/L would reduce the number of incremental cancer cases by an additional 298,000.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".