Bimodal or Trimodal? The Influence of Starting pH on Site Identity and Distribution at the Low Salt Aqueous/Silica Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is commonly employed to monitor processes at mineral oxide/liquid interfaces. Using SHG, we determine how the starting pH affects the acid–base chemistry of the silica/aqueous interface. We observe three different sites with p K a values of approximately 3.8, 5.2, and ∼9 (p K a -I, p K a -II, p K a -III, respectively), but the presence and relative abundance of these sites is very sensitive to the starting pH. For titrations initiated at pH 12, all three sites are observed, whereas only two sites are observed for titrations initiated at pH 2 or pH 7. Moreover, exposure to pH 2 facilitates the formation of p K a -II and p K a -III sites, while exposure to pH 7 results in p K a -I and p K a -III sites. Based on previous computational work, we assign these sites to three different hydrogen bonding environments at the interface including a hydrophobic site for the most acidic silanol corresponding to p K a -I.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".