The audiovisual temporal binding window in unilateral amblyopia: monocular and binocular effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Constructing an internal representation of the external world involves continuous integration of multiple sensory streams. In the audiovisual realm, sensory signals with high temporal correspondence are likely to be bound into a single perceptual event. The range of signal onset asynchrony (SOA) over which paired audiovisual stimuli are perceived as simultaneous is known as the audiovisual temporal binding window, and normally narrows from childhood to adolescence. Amblyopia is a developmental visual impairment that is increasingly recognized to involve deficits in audiovisual integration, even when viewing with the fellow eye. We characterized the audiovisual temporal binding window in adults with unilateral amblyopia to further our understanding of the impact of developmental sensory disturbance on multisensory perception. Methods: All experiments were conducted in a dark acoustic chamber. Visual stimuli were presented on an LED screen, and auditory stimuli were presented via stereo speakers. Each trial consisted of a brief flash (32 ms) accompanied by an auditory click of equal duration. The SOA between the flash and click varied from 0 ms to 450 ms for both visual-lead and auditory-lead conditions. Participants with unilateral amblyopia (n = 12) and normal control participants (n = 22) judged simultaneity in a 2-AFC task under binocular conditions. A subset was tested under monocular conditions. Results: Adults with unilateral amblyopia had a broadened audiovisual temporal binding window compared to control participants in both the visual-lead and auditory-lead conditions (p < 0.01). There was no effect of viewing eye among participants tested monocularly. Conclusions: The temporal binding window is broadened in adults with unilateral amblyopia under both binocular and monocular viewing conditions. The associated audiovisual temporal binding window is similar to that observed in normal children, suggesting that unilateral amblyopia disrupts the normal process of developmental tuning. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".