Mapping Indicators of Toxicity for Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in the Atmosphere of the Athabasca Oil Sands Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extracts of passive air samples collected from 15 passive sampling network sites across the Athabasca Oil Sands region were used to explore the application of in vitro assays for mutagenicity (Salmonella mutation assays) and cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase assay) to assess the toxicity of the air mixture. The air monitoring of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and PAC transformation products, including nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) was then linked to the potential toxicity of air. The PACs in air during April to May 2014 were elevated near mining activities and declined with distance from the source region, whereas NPAHs and OPAHs exhibited a more variable spatial distribution with the highest levels in Fort McMurray. Overall, the air samples exhibited a weak mutagenicity. The highest indirect-acting mutagenicity was observed for sites closest to mining activities; however, the indirect-acting mutagenicity did not decline sharply with distance from mining areas. Indirect-acting mutagenicity was strongly correlated with levels of total PACs, benzo(a)pyrene equivalent mass, and OPAHs. Most of the samples exhibited cytotoxic potential, but the magnitude of the response was variable across the sample region and did not correlate with levels of target analytes. This indicates that PACs and PAC derivatives were not a major contributor to the cytotoxicity observed in the air samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".