Evidence of an Urban Peregrine Falcon (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>) Feeding Young at Night
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) are typically considered diurnal raptors; thus, the majority of studies on the nesting and hunting behavior of the species have been carried out during the day in rural/natural areas (e.g., Carlier 1993, Carlier and Gallo 1994, Palmer et al. 2003).Nevertheless, early morning (Byre 1990) and late night (Sick 1961) hunting has been observed occasionally in urban environments.Furthermore, studies of prey remains indicate that urban Peregrines may feed on nocturnal species, including bats, as well as species that are typically secretive throughout the day and fly mostly at night, including Jack Snipe (Lymnocryptes minimus) and Western Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus; Drewitt and Dixon 2008); although this latter finding may suggest that Peregrines hunt nocturnally, it does not provide conclusive evidence.Following their population recovery, peregrines are frequently found nesting in urban areas.As a result, nests can be accessed with relative ease and many urban nests (e.g., Winnipeg, Canada; New York City, U.S.A.; Brisbane,
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".