The Semantics of Taqiya (Religious Prudence) in Shiite Narrations Based on Izutsu Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The word (reservation) has been stated in Arabic language before Islam means to abstain, keep and hide. This word before the advent of Islam has been used as a customary word for the act of expressing or concealing the belief and opinion to protect their life or property or whatever is honorable for the user of reservation. Reservation passed certain semantic developments and transformations in Shia after Islam and finally was turn to a religious - moral word. The use of the reservation became common due to the conditions of social - political life of Innocent Imams (peace to be upon them) and their followers in the period of Imam Baqir and Imam Sadiq (peace to be upon them). It was used in the meaning of hiding the truth and not stating to believe in it against the opponents in order to abstain from religious or secular loss. Thus, was considered in the category of Shia religious - moral vocabulary. Reservation is of the first level terms of language according to Izutsu method and describes an objective and real concept. Its first semantic core is without valuation. Some elements have been considered at the semantic core of the reservation that faith and security is of the most important of them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".