Slurry-Phase Batch Microreactor for Hydroconversion Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel microreactor that allows for mixed, slurry-phase batch experiments to be conducted at temperatures to 445 °C and pressures of 13.8 MPa is reported. The reactor uses a glass insert to isolate the reaction mixture from the catalytically active reactor walls and a vortex mixer to promote gas–liquid–solid mixing and requires only 150 μL of reaction mixture to operate. The rapid heating and cooling (to 445 °C and back to room temperature in under 30 min) afforded by the small size makes this reactor ideal for fast catalyst-screening studies. The utility of the reactor is demonstrated through a study of the hydroconversion of diphenylmethane (DPM) at 445 °C and 13.8 MPa and the hydrodeoxygenation of 4-methylphenol (4-MP) at 375 °C and 4.8 MPa, both conducted using an unsupported MoS 2 catalyst. A high-speed video is used to identify 2000 rpm as the optimum mixing speed for the microreactor. Conversion data for DPM and 4-MP in the microreactor is used to determine rate constants for the reactions and, hence, quantify MoS 2 catalytic activity and thermal/reactor wall activity. The MoS 2 activity is found to be in good agreement with published stirred batch reactor results using the same catalyst.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".