Effects of As-Produced and Amine-Functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an attempt to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions, new technologies are being proposed that can aid in greenhouse gas sequestration. One such technology involves trapping carbon dioxide in hydrate form. To optimize this process, it is of interest to investigate how the hydrate system behaves in the presence of promoting agents. In this work, the effect of as-produced and amine-functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on carbon dioxide dissolution and hydrate growth rates was studied. For either type of the MWNTs, the effect on saturation values and dissolution rates was negligible. Under lower concentrations, it was found that both forms of MWNTs enhanced growth, with the functionalized MWNTs performing slightly better. Under higher concentrations, both forms of MWNTs decreased growth rates, because the initial nucleation event was more pronounced and led to heat- and mass-transfer limitations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".