Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1956, and again in 1988, breeding pairs of rock wrens (Salpinctes obsoletus) were observed in Churchill, Manitoba, beyond their previously known breeding extent. It has been suggested that these and other vagrant rock wrens might have been accidentally transported in railroad boxcars. Alternative explanations include: 1) that rock wrens are prone to vagrancy during migration and dispersal, and 2) that the species is expanding its range via hydrographic or human-made corridors. I compiled northern and eastern vagrancy records from May 1898 through November 2015 for rock wrens and four other bird species with similar ranges. I calculated the distance of each sighting to the nearest railway and hydrographic features, compared these distances among species, and identified vagrant clusters. Rock wren vagrants were not significantly different from vagrants of lazuli buntings (Passerina amoena) or Bullock's orioles (Icterus bullockii) in their proximity to railways. Results suggest that vagrancy rates of rock wrens are similar to those of sage thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus) and green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus), and vagrancy is likely driven by landscape factors rather than the use of railway corridors or accidental transport in freight cars. Proximity of vagrant rock wrens to lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams indicates that these and associated habitat features may act as travel and dispersal corridors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".