Genetic diversity and possible avenues of dissemination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in two geographic regions of Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To determine the range of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genetic variation and possible avenues of dissemination in geographically separated swine herds in Mexico. Methods: Pooled serum samples (n=33) from suspected viremic sows and nursery and finisher pigs from 13 sites in the state of Sonora (northwest Mexico) and six sites in Puebla (south-central region) were subjected to PRRSV polymerase chain reaction amplification, purification, and sequencing. Results: Thirty-four PRRSV open reading frame 7 (ORF7) sequences were generated from a total of 31 isolates from 13 sites in Sonora and six in Puebla. The nucleotide similarity of ORF7 among isolates ranged from 86 to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no obvious geographic, temporal, or other characteristics that accounted for the observed distribution of isolates. Implications: DNA sequence analysis revealed unexpectedly high levels of genetic variation among and within swine-rearing regions in Mexico, suggesting independent PRRSV introductions. Re-isolation of a vaccinal strain of PRRSV suggests importation of vaccinated animals or semen or surreptitious use. The diversity and distribution of viral genotypes indicates that the mechanisms of geographic spread were complex, such that effective control may present a substantial epidemiological challenge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".