Dental overjet, articulatory compensation and acoustics of speech
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Dentofacial abnormalities such as dental overjet (horizontal overlap of upper and lower incisors) have been linked, with mixed evidence at times, to misarticulations before and after corrective surgery in severe cases 1 . Many individuals, even in surgical populations, appear to successfully achieve typical-sounding productions by using compensatory adaptation of the speech articulators 2 . This may explain the seeming inconsistencies in the literature, especially in studies where the sample is not selected for occlusal or speech problems. However, previous research relating to malocclusion and speech has largely been based on perceptual judgments of misarticulation rather than objective acoustic measures. As such, this study seeks to investigate the association between degree of increased overjet (protrusion of upper incisors) in non-surgical populations and speech production using acoustic analysis. Methods: Native English speakers recorded 13 target words containing either the English fricatives /s, z, ?/, affricates /t?, d?/, or vowels /i, u, ?/. Measurements of dental overjet as well as language background information were collected. Each segment was analysed by spectral moments for fricatives and formant values for vowels, then related to the speaker’s degree of overjet. Results: Preliminary analysis suggests that acoustic values of certain fricatives correlate to amount of overjet, as do some vowel formants. Trained listeners note that intelligibility does not appear to be compromised perceptually. Conclusion: The results of this experiment add to the literature on the relationship between dental anomalies and articulation with quantitative acoustic measures, as well as on the role of articulatory compensation in the case of increased overjet. References 1 Ruscello, D.M., Tekieli, M.E., & Van Sickels, J.E. (1985). Speech production before and after orthognathic surgery: A review. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 59 (1), 10-14. 2 Johnson, N.C., & Sandy, J.R. (1999). Tooth position and speech – is there a relationship? The Angle Orthodontist , 69 (4), 306-310.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".