Geotechnical and Chemical Evaluation of Tropical Red Soils in a Deltaic Environment: Implications for Road Construction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tropical red soils which occur in the dry flatlands and plains of the eastern Niger Delta Nigeria were evaluated using combined conventional engineering geological investigation with major oxide geochemistry to determine their properties and evaluate their engineering performance in road construction. Laboratory test results indicate that the brownish materials are uniformly graded, silty clayey sandy soils. The silica to sesquoxide ratio values of 3 to 4.37 indicate that they are non-lateritic tropically weathered soils. The average values of the specific gravity, liquid limit, plasticity index and shrinkage limits are 2.67, 37%, 10% and 7.6% respectively. They are soils of low to medium plasticity. The unsoaked and soaked CBR values range from 14-38% and 3-9% respectively whereas the average undrained shear strength is 172kN/m2. Maximum dry density and optimum moisture content values fall between 1680 to 1880kN/m2 and 13-16% respectively. Generally the soils classify as A-7-6 to A-2-4 subgroups of the AASHO classification. The overall implication of these composite engineering properties is that the non-lateritic soils rate as poor to fair subgrade materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".