Finite-Element and Residual Stress Analysis of Self-Pierce Riveting in Dissimilar Metal Sheets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The residual stress profile in dissimilar metal sheets joined by a self-piercing rivet is simulated and compared to experimental measurements. Simulation of joining aluminum alloy 6111-T4 and steel HSLA340 sheets by self-piercing riveting (SPR) is performed using a two-dimensional axisymmetric model with an internal state variable (ISV) plasticity material model. Strain rate and temperature dependent deformation of the base materials is described by the ISV material model and calibrated with experimental data. Using the LS-DYNA simulation package, an element erosion technique is adopted in an explicit analysis of the separation of the upper sheet with maximum shear strain failure criterion. An explicit analysis with dynamic relaxation technique was then used for springback and cooling down analysis following the riveting simulation. The residual stress profile of SPR experimental joint with same configuration is characterized using neutron diffraction, and good agreement was found between the simulation and residual stress measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".