Freezing tolerance of winter wheat as influenced by extended growth at low temperature and exposure to freeze-thaw cycles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the seasons progress, autumn-planted winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) first gain then progressively lose freezing tolerance. Exposing the plants to freeze–thaw cycles of −3/3 °C results in increased ability to tolerate subsequent freezing to potentially damaging temperatures. This study was conducted to determine to what extent the length of time that a plant is grown at low temperatures influenced the effectiveness of this freeze–thaw enhancement of freezing tolerance. Plants from six winter wheat lines were grown at 4 °C for 1–18 wk, exposed to 0–2 cycles of freezing to −3 °C for 24 h, then thawed for 24 h at 3 °C, then tested for their ability to tolerate freezing to −10 °C to −17 °C. The freeze–thaw treatments resulted in increased freezing tolerance after 6–12 wk of growth at low temperatures, but had no significant effect before or after that time period. Two cycles of −3/3 °C freeze–thaw was consistently more effective than one cycle. Variation in the extent and timing of the effectiveness of the freeze–thaw treatments was found among the wheat lines, suggesting genetic variation that may be useful for prolonging freezing tolerance further into the winter months could be found in winter wheat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".