Implications of 4 e<sup>–</sup> Oxygen Reduction via Iodide Redox Mediation in Li–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O 2 ) electrochemistry has garnered significant attention because of its high theoretical specific energy compared to the state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery. The common active nonaqueous Li–O 2 battery cathode electrochemistry is the formation (discharge) and decomposition (charge) of lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2 ). Recent reports suggest that the introduction of lithium iodide (LiI) to an ether-based electrolyte containing water at impurity levels induces a 4 e – oxygen reduction reaction forming lithium hydroxide (LiOH) potentially mitigating instability issues related to typical Li 2 O 2 formation. We provide quantitative analysis of the influence of LiI and H 2 O on the electrochemistry in a common Li–O 2 battery employing an ether-based electrolyte and a carbon cathode. We confirm, through numerous quantitative techniques, that the addition of LiI and H 2 O promotes efficient 4 e – oxygen reduction to LiOH on discharge, which is unexpected given that only 2 e – oxygen reduction is typically observed at undoped carbon electrodes. Unfortunately, LiOH is not reversibly oxidized to O 2 on charge, where instead a complicated mix of redox shuttling and side reactions is observed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it