Aqueous-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Solid Energy Storage Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid growth in printable and wearable electronics has significantly increased the demand for high performance thin, flexible, and light-weight power sources. Solid-state energy storage devices, batteries and supercapacitors, enabled by polymer electrolytes are ideal solutions for such applications. In order to facilitate and promote high throughput and low cost (materials and processes) solid energy storage devices for wearable electronics, the polymer electrolytes should be highly conductive, easy to process, and possess good chemical and environmental stability in ambient conditions. We have developed a series of aqueous-based polymer electrolytes that are proton-conducting, hydroxide ion-conducting or neutral salt ion-conducting to match various cell chemistries. These aqueous-based polymer electrolytes can be applied via casting or printing methods and can potentially be implemented in roll-to-roll operations. One example is the polyacrylamide (PAM) system, in which ionic conducting species together with additives were blended into aqueous polymer matrix. In this work, three ionic conducting systems based on silicotungstic acid (SiWA) as proton-conductor [1], tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as anion conductor [2] and LiCl as neutral ion conductor were investigated. These three electrolytes all exhibited ionic conductivities > 10-2mS/cm and maintained stable performance under ambient conditions (room temperature and 45% relative humidity). Figure 1 shows a comparison of these 3 polymer electrolytes in terms of their ionic conductivity as a function of storage time. In this talk, an overview of these three polymer electrolytes will be provided. Materials and electrochemical characterizations of the polymer electrolytes as well as their performance in electrochemical double layer capacitors will be discussed and compared. References: [1] H. Gao and K. Lian, "Proton-Conducting Polymer Electrolytes and Their Applications in Solid Supercapacitors: A Review", RSC Advances, 2014, 4, 33091-33113. [2] H. Gao, J. Li, and K. Lian, "Alkaline Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides and their Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors", RSC Advances, 2014, 4, 21332-21339. Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".