Atomic Layer Deposition of Hierarchical CNTs@FePO<sub>4</sub> Architecture as a 3D Electrode for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
3D microbatteries hold great promise as on‐board energy supply systems for microelectronic devices. The construction of 3D microbatteries relies on the development of film deposition techniques that can enable coatings of uniform electrode and electrolyte materials in high‐aspect‐ratio substrates. Here, a 3D FePO 4 on carbon nanotubes (CNTs@FePO 4 ) structure is fabricated by coating FePO 4 on CNTs/carbon paper substrate using atomic layer deposition. Compared to FePO 4 on a planar substrate, the 3D CNTs@FePO 4 electrode exhibits significantly increased areal capacity and excellent rate capability for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion storage. The 3D CNTs@FePO 4 maintains areal capacities of 64 and 33 μAh cm −2 after 180 cycles for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries, which are 16 and 33 times higher than those of planar FePO 4 electrode, respectively. Moreover, hybrid 3D CNTs@FePO 4 @Li 3 PO 4 structure is fabricated by coating Li 3 PO 4 solid‐state electrolyte on 3D CNTs@FePO 4 . The CNTs@FePO 4 @Li 3 PO 4 electrode shows stable cycling performance in LIBs. Hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis demonstrates that the Li 3 PO 4 coating prevents the formation of undesirable LiF in the solid‐electrolyte interphase layer, which is believed to be responsible for the performance degradation in CNTs@FePO 4 . This work paves the way to building reliable 3D nanostructured electrode and electrolyte architectures for high areal capacity microbatteries.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it