Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Biochemical Biomarkers in Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tests were done on the effects of titanium dioxide spray on Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. c.v ‘c.o.s.16’). The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications for two years (2014 - 2015). Treatments consisted of two factors; the first factor was stage of plant growth that spraying was applied (rapid vegetative growth, flowering and pod filling); and the second factor was that of different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>) that consisted of spray with water (control), nano titanium dioxide at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.05%. Activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), activity of catalase (CAT), activity of peroxidase (POD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) Content and 8-deoxy-2-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHDG) content were assayed. Results showed that effect of nano TiO<sub>2</sub> was significant on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), activity of catalase (CAT), activity of peroxidase (POD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) Content and 8-deoxy-2-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHDG) content. Results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effect year significantly affected on SOD and 8-OH-2-DG (P ≤ 0.05). The effect of different amounts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>) significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) on MDA and 8-OH-2-DG. The effects of different amounts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and year were significant on SOD, POD, MDA and the amount of 8-deoxy-2-hydroxyguanosine in P ≤ 0.05. None of the physiological traits were affected by spraying of nano titanium dioxide. The effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles times of spraying and year were significant on SOD, CAT and 8-deoxy-2-hydroxyguanosine (P ≤ 0.05). Interaction effects of nano TiO<sub>2</sub> concentrations × nano TiO<sub>2</sub> spraying times did not have a significant impact on SOD, CAT, POD, GPX, MDA and 8-OH-2-DG. Although, all trait were affected by interaction effects of year × nano TiO<sub>2</sub> concentrations × nano TiO<sub>2</sub> spraying times with the exception of GPX (P ≤ 0.05).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it