Phase Equilibria for the CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O System in the Hydrate Region under Conditions Relevant to Storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in Depleted Natural Gas Reservoirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The CO 2, CO 2 /CH 4, CO 2 /N 2, and CO 2 /N 2 /CH 4 hydrate equilibria were determined in a stirred high-pressure vessel (autoclave) for temperatures similar to those in depleted natural gas reservoirs in the Alberta portion of the Western Canada Sedimentation basin in Canada. In addition, the equilibrium hydrate formation conditions were also determined by differential scanning calorimetry under a constant pressure of 3200 kPa. Also, experiments with saline water corresponding to 2 and 4 wt % of NaCl solution were used in order to simulate more realistic reservoir conditions. Equilibrium conditions in the autoclave system show a ±40 kPa agreement with the calculated values using CSMGem software. Similarly, the hydrate dissociation temperatures measured with differential scanning calorimetry show ±0.2 K agreement with the calculated values. The increase in salinity was found to shift the equilibrium to less favorable conditions and to decrease the amount of hydrate formed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".