Compact 4G MIMO antenna integrated with a 5G array for current and future mobile handsets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel integrated antenna solution for wireless handheld devices is proposed for the existing 4G standards and upcoming 5G systems for broadband, high data rate communications. The complete antenna system is a unique combination of a multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system at microwave frequencies and a millimetre (mm)‐wave antenna array. The MIMO antenna system consists of two reactive loaded monopoles while the mm‐wave array consists of a planar 2 by four slot antennas. The integrated antenna system covers the frequency bands from 1870 to 2530 MHz for 4G standards along with the upcoming 5G mm‐wave band at 28 GHz. In addition, the integrated antenna system is planar and is designed for typical smart phone devices with a standard 60 mm by 100 mm by 0.965 mm back plane. Excellent field correlation values were obtained across the 4G band while realised peak gain values of 4 and 8 dBi were, respectively, measured for the MIMO and mm‐wave antenna arrays. The proposed antenna design may also be useful for other compact implementations that support 4G and 5G communications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".