LBOS 03-01 PREVALENCE, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF HYPERTENSION IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Data on hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control are sparse in the Middle East especially in the different socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, community location, education) and comorbid status like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We report the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension across four Middle Eastern countries (Iran, Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates (UAE)), using a standardized and uniform method. Design and Method: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study enrolled 10,516 participants, from 52 urban and 35 rural communities from four countries in the Middle East. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure > = 140/90 mmHg using an automated digital device. Those who reported knowing they had hypertension or using blood pressure lowering medications among those with hypertension were considered as being aware. Control was defined as those on blood pressure lowering medications and blood pressure lower than 140/90 mmHg among the hypertensives. Results: Among participants, 33% had hypertension; of these 49% were aware, 47% were treated with. only 19% being controlled. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of blood pressure were higher among women and older (50–69 years) participants compared with men and younger individuals (30–49 years). (P < 0.0001 for all). The prevalence of hypertension was highest in UAE (52%) and lowest in Iran (28%). Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were significantly higher in the OPT and Saudi Arabia. The prevalence was higher in rural communities, however, awareness, treatment and control was significantly higher in the urban. Only 17% received two or more blood pressure lowering medications, and this was significantly more in women, older age and in those diabetic or with CVD. Table. Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate the need for improvements in hypertension diagnosis and treatment in the Middle East, especially in rural communities, men and younger individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".