Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Russian Dandelion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Russian dandelion ( Taraxacum kok-saghyz ) is a candidate species for introducing natural rubber production into North America, and its domestication is currently underway to create an economically viable crop. Development of hybrid cultivars is essential to maximize the yield potential of the species, and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important breeding tool that can facilitate this process. Male sterility was discovered in two full-sib russian dandelion families, and additional crosses were performed to create F 2 , F 3 , and backcross generations to assess inheritance of the phenotype. A sterility-inducing cytoplasm (S) that could be restored to fertility by a dominant allele at a single nuclear restorer of fertility ( Rf ) gene and a fertility-inducing cytoplasm (F) were identified. Characteristics of the CMS system were 1) (S) rfrf × (F) rfrf crosses produced only sterile progeny, 2) crosses where the female parents were (F) produced only fertile progeny, and 3) segregation was observed only when the maternal parent had (S). Sterility was not stable in all plants; some with sterility-inducing cytoplasm produced small amounts of pollen or formed both sterile and fertile flowers simultaneously. On the basis of seasonal differences in the frequency of partially sterile plants, sterility was stable at low temperatures and unstable at high temperatures. This germplasm can be of central importance for development of stable CMS lines for hybrid production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".