OS 21-01 NOX1 OR NOX4 DELETION PREVENTS TYPE 1 DIABETES-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective : The prognosis of type-1 diabetes remains poor and is primarily related to the increased risk of vascular complications. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase (NOX) is believed to play an important role in diabetes-related vascular injury. NOX1 may play a role in the macrovascular disease, whereas NOX4 may have protective actions. Nevertheless, their role in diabetic microangiopathy is less well understood. We hypothesized that deletion of Nox1 would prevent diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling of small arteries whereas Nox4 would exaggerate vascular injury. Design and Method : Diabetes-related vascular injury were studied in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein knockout (Apoe-/-) mice. Six-week-old male Apoe-/- mice, Apoe-/- mice deficient in Nox1 (Apoe-/-/Nox1y/-) and Nox4 (Apoe-/-/Nox4-/-) were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin treatment (STZ, 55 mg/kg/day, ip) for 5 days. Mice were studied 14 weeks later. Endothelial function and vascular remodeling were assessed in mesenteric arteries (MA) using pressurized myography. Results: Apoe-/- mice presented a maximal endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response to acetylcholine of only 46%, which was further decreased by ∼50% by diabetes. In contrast, endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were 1.5-fold higher in diabetic Apoe-/-/Nox1y/- and Apoe-/-/Nox4-/- mice compared to vehicle-treated Apoe-/- mice. Endothelium-independent relaxation responses to the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, were similar in all groups. Diabetes decreased MA stiffness in Apoe-/- mice, as indicated by a rightward displacement of the stress-strain curves, which was blunted by Nox1 or Nox4 knockout. MA media/lumen was unaltered by diabetes. Knockout of Nox4 but not Nox1 increased MA media/lumen 1.4-fold in diabetic Apoe-/- mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that NOX1 and NOX4 play a pathophysiological role in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and contribute to potentially maladaptive changes in vascular stiffness. NOX4 also seems to have dual actions on the vasculature, as it is also protective against vascular remodeling of small arteries in type 1 diabetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".