Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the idea that discourse markers are oriented to properties of spoken language and the interaction and have special uses or tasks depending on formal and contextual factors. The empirical data comes from an analysis of anyway in informal conversation in several regional varieties of English. The British component of the ICE-corpus was selected as the home variety. Comparisons have been made with Canadian English (ICE-CAN), Philippine English (ICE-PHIL), and New Zealand English (ICE-NZ). Anyway has been analysed in a constructional approach as a combination of form and function. It does not have a fixed meaning but a meaning potential containing information about the position of anyway in the clause and the turn sequence, collocation, activity types and regional specialization. The analysis has shown that anyway can be regarded as distinct constructions (or meaning potentials) in the left and the right periphery or as a stand-alone marker. The meanings reflect the activities and tasks which have to be performed at interactionally sensitive transitions in the evolving discourse. While some varieties prefer anyway in the left periphery this may not be a general tendency when we look at more varieties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".