Factors associated with fear of childbirth: It’s effect on women’s preference for elective cesarean section
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and objective : Childbirth fear is a major problem for women, as it results in avoidance of maternity, women & fetal stress and raise in women requests for cesarean delivery. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with fear of childbirth (FOC), and its effect on women’s preference for elective cesarean section (CS). Methods : Design: Cross sectional descriptive design. Setting: Study conducted at five obstetrical and gynecological private clinics in El-Mahalla El-Kobra city. Subjects: A purposive sample consisted of 205 pregnant women selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection (Structured Interview Questionnaire, Melender (2002) Questionnaire to measure childbirth fear associated factors and Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire). Results : Revealed that 47.8% of pregnant women preferred elective CS. Fear of vaginal birth, safer mode for the baby, no influence on postpartum sexual life and pain associated with delivery were the most reasons for CS preference. Childbirth factor was the highest factor associated with FOC with mean ± SD 12.439 ± 3.949. Fear of pain, episiotomy and lacerations were the highest sub factors representative for childbirth factor (89.3%, 83.9%, and 82.4% respectively). The highest cause of FOC was negative mood with mean ± SD 13.302 ± 3.500. 50.0% of pregnant women with high FOC preferred CS. Conclusions and recommendations : Childbirth factor was the highest factor associated with FOC. Fear of pain, episiotomy and lacerations were the highest sub factors representative for childbirth factor associated with FOC. Pregnant women with high fear of childbirth preferred cesarean section. Recommendations: Undertaking information, education and communication programs to increase awareness of the women, husbands, health providers and society about childbirth fear and its effect on cesarean section preference in order to decrease elective cesarean section rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".