The Effect of Acid Washing and Fermentation Gravity on Mechanical Shear Resistance in Brewing Yeast
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of fermentation gravity and acid washing procedures on a brewing yeast strain's ability to resist mechanical shear in turbulent flow were investigated. Reynolds numbers of approximately 50,000 were calculated for experimental conditions with a specially developed pumping system. Higher-gravity fermentations lead to marginally increased, but statistically insignificant, cell rupture compared with lower-gravity fermentations. Cell populations remaining after shear application displayed marginally higher viability in higher-gravity fermentations. Acid washing procedures lead to an approximately sixfold decrease in cell viability compared with the controls. Cell wash water acidified with phosphoric acid lead to larger drops in viability than water alone. The addition of ammonium persulfate to an acid wash solution lead to increased viability losses when exposed to mechanical shear. β-(1→3)-Glucan in the cell wall was identified as contributing significantly to mechanical shear resistance.RESUMENLos efectos de procedimientos de gravedad de fermentación y lavado ácido en la capacidad de cepas de levadura de cerveza de resistir esquileo mecánico en flujo turbulento fueron investigados. Números Reynolds de aproximadamente 50,000 fueron calculados para las condiciones experimentales con un sistema de bombeo desarrollado especial. Fermentaciones de alta-gravedad dieron lugar a aumentos marginales, pero estadísticamente insignificantes, de ruptura de célula comparadas a fermentaciones de baja-gravedad. Poblaciones de célula restantes después de aplicar esquileo exhibieron viabilidad marginalmente más alta en fermentaciones de alta-gravedad. Procedimientos de lavado ácido dieron lugar aproximadamente a una disminución de seis dobleces de viabilidad de célula en comparación a los controles. Agua de lavado de célula acidificada con ácido fosfórico dio lugar a disminuciones más grandes en viabilidad que con solamente agua. La adición de amonio persulfato a una solución ácida de lavado dio lugar a pérdidas crecientes de viabilidad cuando expuesta a esquileo mecánico. β-(1→3)-Glucano en la pared de célula fue identificado como contribuyente significativo a la resistencia de esquileo mecánico.KeywordsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeViabilityPalabras clave: Saccharomyces cerevisiaeViabilidad
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it