Strong and Rapidly Self‐Healing Hydrogels: Potential Hemostatic Materials
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Benzaldehyde-terminated telechelic four-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG-BA) is synthesized and cross-linked with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to form dynamic hydrogels with strong mechanical performance. The gelation temperature and time, mechanical performance, and self-healing behaviors are systematically investigated. The hydrogels have good storage modulus up to 3162.06 ± 21.06 Pa, comparable to conventional bulk hydrogels. The separated alternate hydrogel lines connect together to become an integrated hydrogel film after 5 min at room temperature without any external intervention. This is due to the dynamic equilibrium between the Schiff base linkages and the aldehyde groups of PEG-BA and amine groups on CMC backbone. The hydrogel shows excellent cytocompatibility and the cell viability is as high as 90.7 ± 6.8% after 2 d 3D encapsulation in the hydrogel. In vivo tests indicate that the hydrogels can effectively stop bleeding when the hydrogel is directly injected into a rabbit liver incision. The total blood loss is reduced from 0.65 ± 0.10 g to 0.29 ± 0.11 g, and the hemostasis time is decreased from 167 ± 21 s to 120 ± 10 s, when compared to a gauze treatment with physical compression. These self-healing hydrogels have potential to be used as a novel hemostatic material.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it