Oral Health and Characteristics of Saliva in Diabetic and Healthy Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder. Idiopathic destruction of pancreatic beta cells will result in progressive loss of insulin, increase in ketone bodies, PH reduction and changes in bicarbonate neutralizing system in all body fluids including saliva and the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to compare the quality and quantity of saliva and oral health in children and adolescents with diabetes compared to healthy children. In this study, 27 diabetic patients (9 males, 18 females, age range 10 ± 5 years) were studied. A control group (27 persons) was selected from health persons with the same condition of gender and age. The amount of saliva was evaluated in 5 minutes, by non-stimulant collecting, in plastic vials. The PH and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured using paper strip and TAC kit. Oral and dental health was measured using DMFT (Decayed, missed, filled teeth) and MGI (Modified Gingival Index) indexes. Saliva in patients had less secretion (1.09 ± 0.13, 5.28 ± 0.23, P < 0.01), PH (5.28 ± 0.09, 7.11 ± 0.10, P < 0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (0.36 ± 0.04, 0.5 ± 0.04, P < 0.001) in compare with controls group. DMF and MGI indicators were more in patients than in control group (P < 0.001). Patients with type 1 diabetes had less secretion, PH and antioxidant defense and as a result had more dental and oral problems in compare with healthy children that with higher DMFT and MGI these patients require further training in this field and regularly examinations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".