Differences among modern-day and historical cladoceran communities from the “Ring of Fire” lake region of northern Ontario: Identifying responses to climate warming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ring of Fire in the Far North of Ontario (50 - 57° N, 79 - 94° W) is a region of growing economic and environmental interest due to recent mineral discoveries and the potential for resource development. Due to the remote location of the region, little baseline ecological information is available to distinguish any environmen- tal impacts of mine development from ongoing regional warming. Here, we compare modern and pre-industrial sedimentary cladoceran assemblages from 60 lakes centered on McFaulds Lake in the Ring of Fire to identify directional changes through time and compare the assemblages with prior paleolimnological cladoceran studies of Ontario lakes closer to the Hudson Bay coast, and further south in the Muskoka-Haliburton region. The cladoceran assemblages from the Ring of Fire contain diverse littoral assemblages relative to the other two regions; however, despite the shallow depth of these lakes, there have been significant increases in the relative abundances of pelagic taxa (e.g. Bosmina spp. and Daphnia spp.) since pre-industrial times; taxonomic shifts consistent with warming- induced changes in lake properties including a longer ice-free period and increased algal plankton production. This evidence of widespread changes within the cladoceran assemblages in the Ring of Fire prior to the onset of resource extraction provides lake managers and stewards with information to better monitor and evaluate future development projects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".