EXTRACELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The cellular synthesis of nanoparticle is a green process and alternative for a conventional process for the preparation of silver nanoparticles.<br />In our research, focus has been given to the development of an efficient and eco-friendly viable process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using<br />cancer and non-cancerous cells, a cell culture that was isolated. The results of this investigation are observed that silver nanoparticles could be<br />induced to synthesis intra- and extra-cellularly using mammalian cells such as cancerous and non-cancerous cells.<br />Methods: The silver nanoparticles are synthesized by the cancer and non-cancerous cells such as HeLa (Homo sapiens, human), SiHa, and human<br />embryonic kidney-293 cell lines. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron<br />microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD).<br />Results: The silver nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 415 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD confirms the characteristic of the<br />crystal lattice of silver nanoparticles by observing three peaks: Peak at 38 is due to reflection from (111), peak at 44 is due to reflection from (200),<br />and peak at 65 is due to reflection from (220). TEM images showed the formation of stable silver nanoparticles in the cell lines.<br />Conclusion: The method of extraction of intracellular/extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles was inexpensive, simple, and effective in large<br />scale with no need to use of complex process equipment. The cancer cell considered as a biological factory at nanoscale dimension which continued to<br />grow after synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver reduction by these cancer cells has occurred through energy-dependent processes that lead to<br />the high output of this reaction. Hence, this new approach of using a mammalian cell for the successful synthesis of nanosized silvers could be easily<br />scaled up, which establishes its commercial viability and also useful in the drug delivery and drug targeting.<br />Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Cancer cells, Biosynthesis and characteristics of silver nanoparticles.</p><p> </p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".