Pyrosequencing of the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract reveals the regional similarity and dissimilarity of microbial community
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tracts of broiler chickens contain complex microbial communities that influence numerous aspects of the chickens’ health and development. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract sections of broiler chickens. This analysis was performed by 454 pyrosequencing using the V3–V6 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Samples collected from 14 healthy, 42 d old Cobb broiler chickens revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla in the seven gastrointestinal sections were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Lactobacillus was predominant in the upper gut (gizzard, proventriculus, duodenum, and jejunum) and ileum, whereas unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Synergistaceae, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus were predominant in the lower gut (ceca and cloaca). Eight lactic acid bacteria species were found in the gastrointestinal tract sections of chickens. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the microbial communities from each gastrointestinal section could be separated into three groups according to similarity of community composition: the upper gut, ileum, and lower gut. Venn diagrams illustrated the distribution of shared and specific operational taxonomic units among the different gastrointestinal tract sections. Our results might be attributed to the probiotic development and performance improvement of broiler chickens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".