Occurrence of Mass Swarming of Family Acartiidae (Calanoid Copepods) (Zooplankton) in Ashtamudi Estuary, Kerala
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aggregation and swarming of different species of zooplankton has been reported worldwide from estuaries and coastal systems. But such swarming behaviors are seldom reported from tropical water bodies. Mass swarming and aggregation of Acartia species (91%) in mesozooplankton were observed in Ashtamudi estuary on the west coast during late monsoon season (2015). The mesozooplankton density recorded was 106,578 ind.m -3 ; composed of calanoid copepods dominated by females (97%), fish eggs (2.4%) and cyclopoids (0.2%). Even though swarming of copepods appears to be a common phenomenon in temperate shallow waters, reports from tropical estuaries are less. Here, females were outnumbering males, with sex ratio of 1:3 (male to female) and observed with spermatophore in the collections suggesting aggregation of copepods that might be for mating purpose. Since the males are usually short lived, swarming will facilitate high rate of fertilization and it helps the copepods in existence and propagation. They are also able to disperse easily by producing resting eggs leading to their sudden appearance in water column when temperature rises and salinity increases. Presence of such swarms indicates habitat shifts due to climatic change, water pollution and eutrophication issues in the coastal environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".