Bibliographic record
Abstract
The conversion of bitumen with ozone should in principle lead to oxidative degradation, as opposed to the increase in viscosity found during the reaction with oxygen because ozonation can lead to C═C scission by ozonolysis. However, when bitumen was reacted with ozonated air at 140–160 °C, the viscosity increased compared to conversion with air under the same conditions. To explain these observations, the ozonation of model compounds of various hydrocarbon and heterocyclic compound classes was studied. The selectivity and nature of the oxidation products from ozonation were different from that of autoxidation. Ozonolysis that led to the ring opening of aromatics was observed. At low conversion (<10%), the addition product selectivity of the five-membered cyclic hydrocarbons, indane and indene, was less after reaction with ozonated air than with air. It appears that the observed increase in bitumen viscosity was due to the increased free radical addition product selectivity of heterocyclic compounds, which was higher after reaction with ozonated air than with air. It was also found that at higher conversion (>10%), the increase in oxidized material caused a dramatic increase in addition product selectivity during ozonation. A plausible reaction pathway for addition product formation was proposed on the basis of the Criegee mechanism. The nature of unique addition products from ozonation that were not observed after autoxidation could be explained in terms of the decomposition of the ozonide and recombination of the free radical fragments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".