The Gender Budgeting in Andalusia, an example of policy promoting health equity that has resisted austerity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Issue/problem Gender equality policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities in society contribute to improve women’s health. Following the global financial and economic crisis, several countries implemented austerity measures, with substantial cuts in pro-equity policies. In Spain important backwards steps have been taken regarding gender equality. In contrast, an innovative gender mainstreaming strategy, the gender budgeting (GB), has been maintained in Andalusia. Implemented in 2003, GB involves the systematic examination of budget programmes regarding their potential impact on gender equality to further concentrate credit on those with greater potential. Description of the problem The main objective is to evaluate how and why in an austerity context (2008-2014) the GB in Andalusia has been maintained. The evaluation has been addressed through a case study, with a realist approach, collecting data from interviews, documentation and archival records. This case study is part of a multi-site study on resistance to austerity of health equity enhancing policies, belonging to an European project (the SOPHIE project, http://www.sophie-project.eu/). Results Our initial theory points out that first, in the context of a left-wing coalition government, the presence of women in leadership governmental positions with feminist trajectory has promoted the resistance of GB because of their awareness of gender issues, the introduction of a serious gender perspective into the evaluation of political reforms and their influence capacity. Moreover, the creation of a strengthened net of institutionalised gender organizations has been key for the continuity of gender equality values in the organization’s culture of the public administration. Contrarily, the capacity of coalition building of collective actors, such as mass media, employer organisations and the Spanish central government, to construct a public opinion of gender equality as a luxury in times of crisis becomes a threat to the continuity of GB. Lessons Austerity measures have a negative impact on health equity. Identifying different European pro-equity policy experiences that resist austerity measures and understanding how and why have resisted is key to promote them. Key messages Understanding how and why some gender equality policies have resisted in austerity context is key to promote them. In absence of gender equality policies, gender equity and women’s health can be seriously damaged.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".