Pain in bilateral knee osteoarthritis – correlations between clinical examination, radiological, and ultrasonographical findings.
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlations between clinical symptoms (pain), physical examination, ultrasound (US), and radiological findings in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Knee pain was appreciated during medial and lateral palpation of each knee joint and using visual analogue scale (VAS) and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). US evaluation (osteophytes, meniscal protrusion, synovial fluid, femoral hyaline cartilage thickness) and radiological assessment (osteophytes, femoral-tibial space, Kellgren-Lawrence [K-L] score, enthesopathies) were performed by two examiners blinded to the clinical results and to each other. All these findings were scored with a five-point scale. RESULTS: A total of 52 consecutive patients aged 63.44+/-9.49 were examined, 33 (80.5%) being females. In patients with bilateral knee OA the pain, evaluated by WOMAC score and VAS, was correlated with the presence of osteophytes and cartilage thickness but no association with medial meniscal protrusion and effusion was demonstrated. Pain produced by palpation of the knee was strongly associated with the presence of medial osteophytes. VAS and WOMAC scores increased with the severity of radiological and US findings. The presence of osteophytes and articular cartilage damage at US examination were strongly and positively correlated with radiological K-L score. US examiners agreement was good for osteophytes and moderate for meniscal protrusion, cartilage damage, and synovial fluid. The cartilage damage score was the only independent predictor for VAS scale; for WOMAC score the sex, cartilage damage, the presence of medial osteophytes and lateral meniscal protrusion were the independent predictors. CONCLUSION: Pain intensity was correlated with the severity of US findings, cartilage damage score being an independent predictor for both VAS and WOMAC scores. Medial osteophytes and lateral meniscal protrusion and are independent predictors for WOMAC score.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it