The P21-activated kinase PAK4 is implicated in fatty-acid potentiation of insulin secretion downstream of free fatty acid receptor 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) plays a key role in the potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by fatty acids in pancreatic β cells. We previously demonstrated that GPR40 signaling leads to cortical actin remodeling and potentiates the second phase of insulin secretion. In this study, we examined the role of p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a known regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, in GPR40-dependent potentiation of insulin secretion. The fatty acid oleate induced PAK4 phosphorylation in human islets, in isolated mouse islets and in the insulin secreting cell line INS832/13. However, oleate-induced PAK4 phosphorylation was not observed in GPR40-null mouse islets. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PAK4 in INS832/13 cells abrogated the potentiation of insulin secretion by oleate, whereas PAK7 knockdown had no effect. Our results indicate that PAK4 plays an important role in the potentiation of insulin secretion by fatty acids downstream of GPR40.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".