Biomimetic ApoE-Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein Nanocarrier for Blood–Brain Barrier Penetration and Amyloid Beta-Targeting Drug Delivery
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) and its aggregation forms in the brain have been suggested as key targets for the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, the development of nanocarriers that possess both blood–brain barrier permeability and Aβ-targeting ability is of great importance for the intervention of AD. Here we constructed a biomimetic nanocarrier named apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-reconstituted high density lipoprotein nanocarrier (ANC) from recombinant ApoE and synthetic lipids to achieve the above goals. α-Mangostin (α-M), a polyphenolic agent that can inhibit the formation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils and accelerate Aβ cellular degradation, was used as the model drug. Compared with the control liposome, ANC demonstrated about 54-fold higher cellular uptake in brain endothelial cell line in vitro in an ApoE-dependent manner and much higher brain delivery efficiency in vivo . Confocal microscopy analysis witnessed the penetration of ANC across the brain vessels and its accumulation at the surrounding of Aβ aggregates. Following the loading of α-M, the Aβ-binding affinity of the nanoformulation (ANC-α-M) was not reduced but even enhanced. The effect of ANC-α-M on facilitating the microglia-mediated uptake and degradation of Aβ 1–42 was enhanced by 336% and 29-fold when compared with that of the nontreated control and also much higher than that of ANC. Following intravenous administration for 2 to 4 weeks, ANC-α-M exhibited the most efficient efficacy in decreasing amyloid deposition, attenuating microgliosis, and rescuing memory defect in SAMP8 mice, an AD mouse model. Taken together, the findings of this work provided strong evidence that the ApoE-based biomimetic nanocarrier could provide a promising platform for brain drug delivery toward the treatment of AD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it