Circumscription of species of <i>Hodophilus</i> (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) in North America with naphthalene odours
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five North American Hodophilus species with naphthalene-like odours are now recognized based on sequence and (or) morphological data and molecular annotation of type collections. Two well-supported eastern North American species do not match any of the studied types and are described here as new: Hodophilus hesleri and Hodophilus smithii. The previously described Hodophilus paupertinus is found to represent an autonomous species and appears restricted to western North America. Hodophilus subfuscescens is found to be an independent lineage in eastern North America. A morphological type study of Hodophilus peckianus shows that it is a distinct species and not represented among recent collections. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of European and North American material of species with naphthalene odours reveal no species with transatlantic distributions. Overall, Hodophilus comprises two superclades (the Hodophilus foetens superclade and the Hodophilus micaceus superclade) and 16 terminal clades that correspond to phylogenetic species. This study introduces a new approach for morphological delimitation of agaricoid Clavariaceae combining shape and dimensions of particular elements in the pileipellis and caulocystidia. All previously described taxa included in this study, which were previously treated in the genera Hygrophorus, Camarophyllopsis, or Hygrotrama, are formally transferred to Hodophilus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".