Sleep Quality and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the cognitive status and sleep quality and their association in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials and Methods:In this analytical cross-sectional study, 120 patients with PD were selected from 22-Bahman and 17-Shahrivar hospitals.Demographic information was recorded on a form and Parkinson's severity was determined using the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY).Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were used for the assessment of sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness, respectively.Cognitive status was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire. Results:The mean age of patients with PD was 65.9±11.7 years, and 67.5% were men.Cognitive impairment was found in 113 (94.2%) patients, poor sleep quality in 87 (72.5%), and excessive daytime sleepiness in 27 (22.5%)patients.The mean PSQI and ESS scores were 9.03±4.70 and 7.38±3.73,respectively.There was a significant association between cognitive status and sleep quality, as well as daytime sleepiness (independent sample t-test, p<0.0001 for both).Conclusion: There is a significant association between cognitive impairment and poor sleep quality as well as excessive daytime sleepiness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".