Simulation of a Multistage Fractured Horizontal Well with Finite Conductivity in Composite Shale Gas Reservoir through Finite-Element Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Different from oil properties, gas properties (gas formation factor, viscosity, and Z -factor, etc.) have nonlinear behaviors with pressure changes. However, many scholars use the average pressure or pseudopressure concept to simplify the phenomenon for easier solutions. Gas flow in shales is believed to be a complex process with multiple flow mechanisms including continuum flow, slip flow, diffusion, ad-desorption, and the stress sensitivity of fractures (natural or induced) permeability in multiscaled systems of nano- to macroporosity. Multistage hydraulic fracturing not only creates the stimulated rock volume (SRV) to improve production but also makes the flow in shales more complex. In this work, a rectangular composite model for a multistage fractured horizontal well (MFHW) with finite conductivity in shale gas considering the multiple flow mechanisms and multi-nonlinearities is developed. Comparing with the existing models for MFHW in shale, the model presented here takes strong nonlinearity of gas properties, hydraulic fracture asymmetry, fracturing efficiency, and SRV region into account, which is more in line with field practice. Numerical simulation of fully implicit control volume finite element (CVFE) based on unstructured 3D tetrahedral mesh is proposed to obtain the production performance of MFHW. Sensitivity analysis focuses on the effects of nonlinearity, Langmuir volume, stress sensitivity, finite conductivity, and SRV type on the production performance. The research and the numerical results obtained in this work can provide theoretical guidance to efficient and scale development for shale gas reservoir.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".