6th International Symposium on Molecular Allergology (ISMA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Delayed food anaphylaxis upon consumption of red meat is attributed to specific IgE-antibodies directed to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal).Anaphylactic reactions may occur after ingestion of meat from different mammals, mainly beef and pork, but reactions to lamb, rabbit or horse have also been reported.In particular, pork kidney has been shown to trigger symptoms that were more severe and occurred within a shorter delay.The objective of the present study was the identification and characterization of pork kidney proteins carrying α-Gal carbohydrates and mediating delayed allergic reactions through specific IgE to α-Gal.Materials and methods: A cohort of 59 patients with specific IgE to α-Gal was screened by immunoblot for IgE-reactive proteins in pork kidney extract.Proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and identified by Edman sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting.Isolated proteins were used in immunoassays using patient sera and α-Gal specific antibodies.Allergenicity was assayed in basophil activation and skin prick test.Results: Multiple IgE-binding proteins were detected in protein extracts of pork kidney by immunoblot using patient sera and an anti-α-Gal antibody.Reactive bands were located in the high molecular weight range of 100 to ≥200 kDa.Two major IgE-binding proteins were identified as porcine angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE I) and aminopeptidase N (AP-N).IgE-binding to both proteins was lost by periodate treatment, resulting in oxidation of carbohydrates.Addition of α-Gal inhibited IgE-reactivity to both peptidases.Allergenicity was confirmed by activation of patient basophils and positive skin prick tests.Conclusions: Two IgE-reactive cell membrane peptidases carrying α-Gal epitopes were identified in pork kidney, a tissue which is known as potent inducer of red meat-induced anaphylaxis.Allergenicity and clinical relevance of these proteins were confirmed in patients with delayed anaphylaxis to red meat by skin prick test and basophil activation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.094 | 0.084 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".