Multifrequency Interlaced CMUTs for Photoacoustic Imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multifrequency capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs) are introduced consisting of interlaced 82- [Formula: see text] (low frequency) and 36- [Formula: see text] (high frequency) membranes. The membranes have been interlaced on a scale smaller than the shortest wavelength of operation allowing several advantages over other multifrequency transducer designs including aligned beam profiles, optimal imaging resolution, and minimal grating lobes. The low- and high-frequency CMUTs operate at 1.74 and 5.04 MHz in immersion, respectively. Multifrequency transducers have applications in wideband photoacoustic (PA) imaging where multifrequency transducers are better able to detect both high- and low-frequency PA frequency content. The PA frequency content is target size dependent, which means traditional high-frequency transducers have less sensitivity to larger objects such as diffuse contrast agents. We demonstrate that the low-frequency subarrays are able to better visualize diffuse agent distributions, while the high-frequency subarrays offer fine-resolution imaging important for microvascular imaging and structural navigation. Spectroscopically unmixed images superimpose high sensitivity images of agent concentrations (acquired using low-frequency subarrays) onto high-resolution images of microvessel-mimicking phantoms (acquired using high-frequency subarrays).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".