The effects of a brief relaxation program on heart rate variability in cancer patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
e20713 Background: Objectives were: (1) To characterize the physiologic changes of the autonomic nervous system, demonstrated by heart rate variability (HRV) high frequency (HF) spectral analysis, before and after a 15 minute, one-time, guided relaxation program for cancer patients. (2) To assess whether changes of HRV correlate with subjective feeling for anxiety, based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), and the summed ESAS score. Methods: 20 patients with any cancer diagnosis and normal cognition were recruited for the study. The ECG electrodes were attached and a 5-minute period of heart rate variability was recorded (HRVbefore) after 15 minutes of supine resting. The patient then began the brief relaxation program via recorded audio. Another 5 minute period of HRV was then recorded (HRVafter). The ESAS was completed before and immediately after the relaxation program. Parasympathetic activity assessed by heart rate variability, as measured by high frequency spectral analysis, was the primary outcome measure. The differences between the pre and post values of low and high frequency HRV, of the ESAS anxiety score, and of the summed ESAS score were compared using a Wilcoxan signed rank test. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in HF HRV power between the pre and post relaxation program. However, the summed ESAS scores were significantly lower after the relaxation program (p <0.001). There was also a trend of decrease in the ESAS anxiety score (p = 0.086). There was no correlation between the change in HRV HF and change in the ESAS anxiety score. Conclusions: A brief guided relaxation program can significantly improve symptoms as measured by ESAS, but not HF HRV power. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".