A 2–15-GHz Accurate Built-in-Self-Test System for Wideband Phased Arrays Using Self-Correcting Eight-State $I/Q$ Mixers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A built-in-self-test (BIST) system for wideband phase arrays channels is presented. The BIST is implemented using an on-chip in-phase/quadrature (I/ Q) receiver with an integrated ring oscillator that provides both the channel test signal and the mixer local oscillator (LO). The BIST achieves wideband accuracy for relative phase and gain measurements at 2-15 GHz with a one-time self-correction algorithm with eight LO phases. The sequential algorithm determines the I/ Q errors, such as dc offset, gain and phase imbalances from the I/ Q outputs resulting from different LO phase states. An rms power detector network is also implemented for absolute gain measurements. The BIST can operate at rates >1 MHz (less than 1-μs sampling time) with signal-to-noise ratio greater than 50 dB and provides measurements that agree well with the vector network analyzer S-parameter data over a wide frequency range. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation of high accuracy wideband BIST system for phased-array channels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".