P2‐421: Indicators of Cognitive Reserve Moderate the Adverse Relationship Between Poor Diet Quality and Cognitive Decline in Independent Older Adults: The Nuage Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although diet quality and indicators of cognitive reserve (CR) have been associated with cognitive function in separate studies, there is little understanding of how the combination of these factors may influence cognitive function. A mentally stimulating environment has been shown to abolish the adverse impact of poor diet quality on memory in laboratory animals. Therefore, our primary objective was to determine whether the relationship between diet quality and cognitive function was dependent on an individual’s level of CR in community-dwelling older adults. Poor diet quality was defined at baseline as adherence to a ‘Western’ dietary pattern identified by principal component analysis of food frequency questionnaire responses from 351 independently living older adults followed over 3 years. CR was defined as a binary composite score which considered an individual’s educational attainment, occupational complexity, and social engagement. Statistical interactions between diet quality and CR were specified in multiple-adjusted mixed models to test possible interdependent effects on cognitive function (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination; 3MS). Adherence to the Western pattern was characterized by consumption of red and processed meats, white bread, potatoes, pre-packaged foods and sweets. In basic models, high adherence to the Western pattern was associated with accelerated cognitive decline (P=0.011) after adjusting for sex, age, physical activity, smoking, and CR. Possible dependency between CR and diet quality was indicated by a marginally significant interaction (P=0.073). After stratification it was found that the adverse relationship between Western pattern adherence and cognitive decline was present in individuals with low CR (P=0.003; n=182), but was absent in individuals in the upper category of CR (P=0.546; n=169). We found that the adverse relationship between poor diet quality and cognitive decline was restricted to individuals with low indications of CR. A similarly poor diet was not associated with cognitive decline in those with high indications of CR. These results suggest that educated older adults with a history of mentally stimulating work and who remain socially engaged may be spared from the adverse effect of a Western diet on age-related cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".