The Effect of Obese Levels of Leptin on Peripheral Chemoreception
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Obesity rates are increasing rapidly worldwide. Breathing and cardiovascular systems’ function are directly impacted by obesity and contribute to obesity related pathology. Leptin receptors are present in the oxygen sensing type I cells of the carotid body and in carotid sinus nerve afferent fibers. The adipokine leptin is a respiratory stimulant with known central effects. We have previously reported that acute administration of obese levels of leptin causes a measurable and long lasting change in Ca 2+ signal in isolated carotid body type I cells as well as augmenting BK Ca channel activity. Here we report that 100nM wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, blocks leptin induced Ca 2+ signaling in these cells. Furthermore we show that in an ex‐vivo arterially perfused carotid body preparation that leptin causes a dose dependent increase in baseline firing rates under normoxia and an increase in the size of the sensory response to hypoxic challenge that does not wash out. These data show that leptin alters carotid body function acutely and suggest that studying carotid body function in chronic models of obesity is warranted. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH R01‐HL091836
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".