Formation and Evolution of Oxide/Oxyhydroxide Corrosion Products on Low-Alloy Steel During Exposure to Near-Neutral pH Solutions Containing Oxygen and Nitrate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The evolution of corrosion product and the transient behavior of corrosion during the first 24 h of low-alloy steel exposure to near-neutral pH solutions containing O2 and are investigated in this work through periodic electrochemical polarization, spectroscopy, and characterization techniques. The formation of porous FeOOH products occurs a few hours following immersion, with morphologies distinctly dependent on O2 concentration. O2 diffusion is less in the FeOOH tubercle formations formed in 20 ppm O2 conditions, whereas the presence of Fe2O3 is exclusive to corrosion products of 6 ppm O2 environments. Charge transfer on the compounds involved governs corrosion protectiveness trends of the overall multi-layered product and reaction kinetics at sub-tubercle surface sites. Atypical 0.005 M and 0.015 M presence in the environment minimizes the cathodic potential range of O2 reduction and intensifies the corrosion of the low-alloy steel specimen. The chronology of corrosion product evolution is corroborated with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction, while critical interactions of dissolved species with developed surface layers are quantified with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".