O1‐08‐03: Life Space and Cognitive Function in Non‐Demented Older Men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Life space, a spatial measure of mobility, is associated with adverse health outcomes including depression, frailty, and mortality; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between life space and cognitive function. Life space may reflect aspects of physical, cognitive, social and environmental conditions that are not usually captured in factors such as self-reported disability, and as a result, more restricted life space may be associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. In a cohort of community-dwelling, dementia-free, older men (n=1497, mean age=84), we examined the association between life space and cognitive function. Trained interviewers administered the University of Alabama at Birmingham Life-Space Assessment Scale (range 1-120) which evaluates movement in the past month across six zones ranging from “rooms in the home” to “places outside your town” as well as frequency of movement and the need for assistance. Cognitive testing included the Teng Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS), a test of global cognition, and the Trail Making Test B, a test of executive function. The mean life space score among men was 80.7 (SD=24.4). In unadjusted models, each decrease in standard deviation of life space score was associated with a 3MS score that was almost 1 point lower (p<0.001) and Trails B score that was 15 seconds longer (p<0.001). Results were similar adjusting for age, race, education, marital status, and clinic site. The association was attenuated but remained significant after further adjusting for gait speed, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, and physical activity. In finals models with additional adjustment for comorbidities including diabetes, stroke, hypertension and depression, each decrease in standard deviation of life space score was associated with a 3MS score that was approximately 0.4 points lower (p=0.003) and Trails B score that was 7 seconds longer (p=0.001). In non-demented older men, constricted life space is associated with worse global cognition and executive function. Life space may be an important marker of cognitive impairment, and further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the association between change in life space and cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".